Makeshift shelter for Indian farm laborers
Photograph of a "hindu bed," makeshift shelter for Indian farm laborers, most likely shot in California.

Mr. Shima (1914)
Produced in 1914, this 15-minute, black-and-white film captures the California estate of George Shima (born Kinji Ushijima, 1864-1924), one of the wealthiest Japanese-American farmers of the time. The film is unique in that it contains footage of several South Asian laborers on the farm, in two sections: "Migrant Laborers from India" (1:09-1:20), and "Onion Fields" (1:21-1:44).

East Indian workers at Calapooia Lumber Company
Photograph of six Sikh workers at the Calapooia Lumber Company in Crawford, Oregon ca. 1909.

Bhairavi Desai
Bhairavi Desai being interviewed. 2002.